@echo off &setlocal

rem Name of the bitmap file without extension
set "filename=123"
rem Window title necessary to identify it for the updated registry values
set "title=BMP Test"

if "%~1"=="" (
  rem If the .ansi file was not yet created, we will call :make_ansi to convert the .bmp content
  if not exist "%filename%.ansi" call :make_ansi || (pause&goto :eof)
  rem Update the size of the character cells which represent the pixels of the image
  >nul reg add "HKCU\Console\%title:\=_%" /f /v "FaceName"   /t REG_SZ    /d "Terminal"
  >nul reg add "HKCU\Console\%title:\=_%" /f /v "FontFamily" /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00000030
  >nul reg add "HKCU\Console\%title:\=_%" /f /v "FontSize"   /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00030005
  rem Restart the script to get the new settings applied
  start "%title%" /max "%comspec%" /c "%~fs0" #
  goto :eof
) else >nul reg delete "HKCU\Console\%title:\=_%" /f

rem Print the image
type "%filename%.ansi"
pause
goto :eof


rem Subroutine to convert the pixel array of the bitmap file into a file containing "true color" ANSI escape sequences
:make_ansi
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
set "outfile=!filename!.ansi"
2>nul del "!outfile!.raw.hex"

rem Batch isn't able to work with the binary data of a BMP file. Thus, we use certutil to create a HEX dump.
>nul certutil -encodehex "!filename!.bmp" "!outfile!.raw.hex" 4||(echo Unable to dump the bitmap&goto err)

rem rn is CR + LF
set "rn="&for /f "skip=1" %%i in ('echo(^|replace ? . /u /w') do if not defined rn (set rn=%%i^
%= don't alter =%
)

rem Certutil wrote 16 space-separated byte values per line. This is inconvenient because we have to reassemble them into sequences of 2, 4, or 3 bytes later on.
rem This will get easier if we write every value into a separate line first.
>"!outfile!.separate.hex" (for /f "usebackq tokens=1-16" %%a in ("!outfile!.raw.hex") do echo %%a!rn!%%b!rn!%%c!rn!%%d!rn!%%e!rn!%%f!rn!%%g!rn!%%h!rn!%%i!rn!%%j!rn!%%k!rn!%%l!rn!%%m!rn!%%n!rn!%%o!rn!%%p)
del "!outfile!.raw.hex"

rem Control Sequence Introducer
for /f %%e in ('echo prompt $E^|cmd') do set "csi=%%e["

rem We use SET /P to read one byte value at once. Sequences that represent numeric values are in little endian byte order.
rem For the variable naming refer to the structure documentations linked in the remarks.
<"!outfile!.separate.hex" (
  rem BITMAPFILEHEADER https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapfileheader
  set /p "bfType_1="&set /p "bfType_2="
  if "!bfType_1!!bfType_2!" neq "424d" (echo Wrong file type. Magic number must be 424d (ASCII "BM"^)&goto err)

  set /p "b4="&set /p "b3="&set /p "b2="&set /p "b1="
  set /a "bfSize=0x!b1!!b2!!b3!!b4!"
  for %%i in ("!filename!.bmp") do if !bfSize! neq %%~zi (echo File size doesn't match (!bfSize! vs. %%~zi^)&goto err)

  set /p "="&set /p "="&set /p "="&set /p "=" &rem bfReserved1 and bfReserved2 with two unused bytes each

  set /p "b4="&set /p "b3="&set /p "b2="&set /p "b1="
  set /a "bfOffBits=0x!b1!!b2!!b3!!b4!" &rem Offset in bytes between the beginning of the file and the pixel array

  rem BITMAPINFOHEADER https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapinfoheader
  set /p "b4="&set /p "b3="&set /p "b2="&set /p "b1="
  set /a "biSize=0x!b1!!b2!!b3!!b4!"
  if !biSize! neq 40 (echo Wrong DIB header&goto err)

  set /p "b4="&set /p "b3="&set /p "b2="&set /p "b1="
  set /a "biWidth=0x!b1!!b2!!b3!!b4!" &rem Width of the bitmap in pixels

  set /p "b4="&set /p "b3="&set /p "b2="&set /p "b1="
  set /a "biHeight=0x!b1!!b2!!b3!!b4!" &rem Height of the bitmap in pixels

  set /a "chk=((biWidth>>31)&1)+((biHeight>>31)&1)"
  if !chk! neq 0 (echo Negative image size not supported&goto err)

  set /p "b2="&set /p "b1="
  set /a "biPlanes=0x!b1!!b2!"
  if !biPlanes! neq 1 (echo Number of planes must be 1&goto err)

  set /p "b2="&set /p "b1="
  set /a "biBitCount=0x!b1!!b2!"
  if !biBitCount! neq 24 (echo Only 24 bits color depth supported&goto err)

  set /p "b4="&set /p "b3="&set /p "b2="&set /p "b1="
  set /a "biCompression=0x!b1!!b2!!b3!!b4!"
  if !biCompression! neq 0 (echo Only uncompressed bitmaps supported&goto err)

  set /a "skip=bfOffBits-34" &rem We already read 34 bytes. Some further bytes are not of interest. We ignore them to get to the begin of the pixel array.
  for /l %%i in (1 1 !skip!) do set /p "="
  
  set /a "pad=(biWidth*3)%%4" &rem The pixel rows might be padded because the number of bytes has to be a multiple of 4
  if !pad! neq 0 set /a "pad=4-pad"

  rem A pixel consists of 3 bytes which represent the color in BGR order.
  rem The first 3 bytes belong to the lower left corner of the image. This means the order of the pixel array is bottom-up.
  rem Since we need both the colors in RGB order and the upper left corner first, we have to reorder literally everything.
  rem After these nested loops we got a file containing the "true color" ANSI sequences.
  echo The BMP file will be converted for you. This may take a while ...
  >"!outfile!" type nul
  for /l %%Y in (1 1 !biHeight!) do (
    >"!outfile!.~tmp" (
      set "row="
      for /l %%X in (1 1 !biWidth!) do (
        set /p "b="&set /p "g="&set /p "r="
        set /a "r=0x!r!,g=0x!g!,b=0x!b!"
        set "row=!row!%csi%38;2;!r!;!g!;!b!m%csi%48;2;!r!;!g!;!b!m#"
      )
      echo !row!%csi%0m
    )
    for /l %%i in (1 1 !pad!) do set /p "="
    >nul copy /b "!outfile!.~tmp" + "!outfile!"
    >nul move /y "!outfile!.~tmp" "!outfile!"
  )
)
2>nul del "!outfile!.separate.hex"
endlocal&exit /b 0
:err
2>nul del "!outfile!.separate.hex"
endlocal&exit /b 1
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%ESC%[38;2;!r!;!g!;!b!mÛ%ESC%[0m"
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